The correct technique
Hold the brush at roughly a forty-five degree angle to the gum line and use small circular movements rather than a horizontal scrubbing motion. Work through the mouth systematically — outer surfaces, inner surfaces, then biting surfaces — so that no area is missed.
How long, and how often?
Twice a day for two full minutes each time. Most people substantially overestimate how long they brush; a timer or an electric brush with a built-in one is genuinely useful. Brushing last thing at night matters most, because saliva flow drops during sleep.
Common mistakes
Pressing too hard is the most frequent error and causes gum recession and worn enamel — the brush should glide, not scrub. A hard-bristled brush does more harm than good; soft or medium is right for almost everyone. Replace your brush every three months, or sooner if the bristles splay.
Brushing alone is not enough
A toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth, where decay and gum disease most often begin. Floss or interdental brushes once a day are not optional extras — they clean the surfaces your brush never touches.